Revelation Chapter 9 (NASB)

This chapter is a continuation of THE TRUMPETS.

The FIFTH and SIXTH TRUMPETS in this chapter are so ominous that they take much space to develop or explain. Here we are given a glimpse into the very EVIL under our "water" world.

This chapter is explained mostly in symbolic terms; yet, the effects of the EVIL on this earth during this chapter are real inasmuch a third of mankind will be killed. This, as the previous chapter, is NOT PRETTY to write about or even think about.






















Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 1 (NASB)

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1. And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star from heaven which had fallen to the earth; and the key of the bottomless pit was given to him. This is the first WOE of the WOE, WOE, WOE in Revelation 8:13 (the previous verse). It will take eleven verses to describe this TRUMPET blast. Finally, in verse 12, this first WOE is past. Since this STAR "had fallen" indicates the fall took place previously. Perhaps, this star is the one in the third TRUMPET, Revelation 8:10. The most common interpretation is the STAR is a fallen angel or the devil himself. Here is where things get interesting. Christ has the keys: Keys of Death and Hades, Revelation 1:18, Key of David, Revelation 3:7. So it is as if Christ is chiding the devil by saying, "Show me what you have in the bottomless pit that you could possibly use to overthrow Me." Just the act of the devil having to take the key shows superiority of Christ.

Now let's consider "the bottomless pit (abyss)". It is self-contained because it is lockable. Otherwise, there would be no need for a key. However, the word "bottomless" contradicts the idea of self-contained. So the only conclusion is that physical boundaries are subject to physical laws, and spiritual/evil boundaries are subject to different yet lockable laws.

There are two types of demons. Those who are free to roam on the earth. These are the ones Jesus cast out throughout His miracles period. Those who are bound in the pits of darkness for sins committed as Peter says in 2 Peter 2:4-9. They are being preserved for judgment as Jude 6 confirms.

Some think that the Nephilim of Genesis 6:1-8 are some in the bottomless pit after they were drown in the great flood. It is a place so horrible that even the "free-roaming" demons do not want to go there, Luke 8:26-34.




















Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 2 (NASB)

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2. And he opened the bottomless pit; and smoke went up out of the pit, like the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by the smoke of the pit. The one who was given the key in the previous verse opens the PIT.

































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 3 (NASB)

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3. And out of the smoke came forth locusts upon the earth; and power was given to them, as the scorpions of the earth have power. This is the SUN-darkening and AIR-filling SMOKE from the previous verse, and it came from the PIT. It is not clear whether this is a literal vision or a figurative one. Usually, smoke (fire) would kill insects; therefore, it is probably most likely the LOCUSTS are symbolic.

The PIT is reserved for the devil and his angels, so these LOCUSTS are awful demons previously locked up. Joel 1:4-7 describes what these LOCUSTS do ... strip the remaining humans of life and spiritual conscience.

This is the first of three things given to the LOCUSTS. The other two things follow in the next two verses. There is nothing which happens in the universe unless the Lord permits it, 
Scorpions are not pleasurable. They inflict terrible sting and pain. The Israelites experienced them so they would be trustful, humble, and understand the power to make wealth, Deuteronomy 8:11-20. Ezekiel 2:1-7 shows the house of Israel being so fearful and rebellious that they are willing to "sit on scorpions" than to repent. This explains when Jesus was encouraging the seventy disciples after a demon-bashing-in-His-name mission in Luke 10:17-20 that He passed on His authority to "tread on serpents and scorpions".

This verse shows that a terrible, visible, stripping, and totally destructive evil will be released onto this earth. DO NOT BE THE ONE LEFT BEHIND TO EXPERIENCE THIS!



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 4 (NASB)

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4. And they were told that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, nor any green thing, nor any tree, but only the men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads. It is the creatures from the PIT who are told by the four angels identified in Revelation 7:2, not to hurt any green thing. Now, if these are real locusts, as in the previous verse, then this is exactly opposite of what real locusts do. That is, real locusts feed on "green things". Also since they understand what they are not to do, these creatures are intelligent, at least more than real locusts are. Now, this is an interesting twist. It is clear that these creatures from the PIT are to go after men. Maybe this is a testing of those "unsealed" men who falsely claim they are sealed. The 144,000 men, apparently, are not sealed all at once as implied in Revelation 7:3. So these demons from the PIT appear to be released to do their mischief while the sealing continues by the four angels.

Some Bible scholars, believe this is much torment of demonic possession (not related to the 144,000 men). An example is the possession of Judas Iscariot in John 13:21-30 and the end result in Matthew 27:3-5.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 5 (NASB)

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5. And they were not permitted to kill anyone, but to torment for five months; and their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it stings a man. Five months, spring and summer, is the life cycle of the locust. During this time, the permission to kill is denied. To TORMENT is OK. However, for the type of TORMENT to be experienced during this exact five months, DEATH would probably be preferred.

It is clear that to harm believers, the devil needs permission (Job 2:3-6). The devil also needs permission to TORMENT these people too. This implies that ALL HUMAN LIFE is precious to God. Even today we are experiencing a hint of this TORMENT when young men think its nothing to "rub out" a person "just because I wanted to". Here, in this verse, it is the threat of death which is the TORMENT.

Note: the five months period is the same time that the earth was covered with water. During this time ALL LIFE was killed (notTORMENTed) except for Noah and his family and pairs of animals, Genesis 7:21-24.

The scorpion's sting is most painful but seldom fatal. It was equated with harsh discipline as in 2 Chronicles 10:6-11 Other examples of TORMENTand related fear:


































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 6 (NASB)

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6. And in those days men will seek death and will not find it; and they will long to die and death flees from them. These are the days during the 5th TRUMPET and following the release of the smoke (demons) from the abyss. Watchman Nee in his book, "Come, Lord Jesus" says, "The desire to die is a matter of the heart, whereas the seeking of death is a question of way. Presently, it is death that seeks man, but (in those days) in the future it will be man seeking death." Remember that even DEATH is under Christ's control, Revelation 1:18. Even as Hannah prayed in 1 Samuel 2:5-10, it is the Lord that kills and makes alive.

This period has to be a real awesome period. For five months there will be no deaths among the unsealed people. This is hard to imagine since presumably guns, drugs, hangings etc. should be available during this time; yet the state of the demon controlled person may be such that they will not be able to control their own movements. Take, for example, Luke 8:26-39, a man who had some of these demons. He was out of control. Also note the fear of the villagers in verse 37.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 7 (NASB)

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7. And the appearance of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle; and on their heads, as it were, crowns like gold, and their faces were like the faces of men. John sees these demons released out of the abyss and tries to describe them. Whether they will be visible to the unsealed persons is not clear, but their effect on them will be REAL!
  1. like HORSES prepared for battle; and

  2. Job in Job 39:19-25 gives us a verbal description of how war horses act. Nothing will stop them; they have no fear; and they will not respond "to a trumpet". That is, whatever man tries to do to counteract these terrible demons will not work. They are "rearing to go" having just been released from the pit! Look out unsealed persons!

    Check out how Habakkuk (Habakkuk 1:5-11) describes the horsemen invasion by the Chaldeans.
     
     

  3. on their heads, as it were, CROWNS like gold, and

  4. The old deceiver, Revelation 12:9, is again trying to imitate authority. However, remember the TRUE crown of GOLD is worn by Christ, Revelation 14:14 and his followers, like the 24 elders, Revelation 4:4.
     
     
  5. their faces were like the faces of men.

  6. This denotes the demons have intelligence. That is, they use rational thought. They know who the unsealed are, and it will be difficult for the unsealed to distinguish the humans from the demons. But, again, that is the highest form of deception.


































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 8 (NASB)

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8. And they had hair like the hair of women, and their teeth were like the teeth of lions.

The attributes of these locusts (demons) continue from the previous verse.
  1. And they had HAIR like the HAIR of WOMEN,

  2. Whether this image is to denote a very attractive beguiling demon which lures men to them or if the long hair is for the "glory" (1 Corinthians 11:6-7) of their leader, ABADDON (Revelation 9:11) is not clear. Nonetheless, they are attractive. That hair is an attention getter, just watch the TV commercials to see what part hair plays in selling product!
     
     
  3. and their TEETH were like the TEETH of lions.

  4. What an odd combination! The unsealed are lured by the hair, and then they are "torn apart" by the teeth "of lions". This is in line with what Joel says about the devouring nature of demons (Joel 1:6).

    These demons have no respect. They obviously don't care about doing to others as they wished to be done to them (or are they?) (Matthew 7:12)



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 9 (NASB)

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9. And they had breastplates like breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots, of many horses rushing to battle.
  1. And they had BREASTPLATES like breastplates of IRON;

  2. These locusts or demon creatures are well protected, they think. They cannot be killed, nor can they kill; they can only torment for 5 months.

    Note the contrast between these demons "protection" and the believer's BREASTPLATE (1 Thessalonians 5:8) which is given to them by Christ who wears His BREASTPLATE of righteousness, Isaiah 59:17.
      

  3. and the SOUND of their wings was like the SOUND of chariots, of many horses rushing to battle.

  4. The demon creatures have movement and their movement is loud. It is not as though they sneak up on you. Those unsealed persons will hear them going and the SOUND alone should strike terror into their hearts. Joel sees them as leaping from the top of one mountian to another, Joel 2:5 (or can we interpret this as metro area to metro area?).


































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 10 (NASB)

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10. And they have tails like scorpions, and stings; and in their tails is their power to hurt men for five months.

The list of attributes of the scorpions (demons) continues.
  1. And they have TAILS like scorpions, and STINGS; and in their TAILS is their POWER to hurt men for five months.

  2. When a phrase "for five months" is repeated within a chapter (verse 5), it means it has importance. These demonic creatures will torment "unsealed" humans for five months. They cannot kill the unsealed people -- just make life miserable.

    Then after five months, they all disappear. Again a brief respite to REPENT.

    Consider how scorpions sting. The tail is kept out of sight until, from out of nowhere, while you are facing the creature, you get hit. Again, how deceptive is looking at beauty and the extreme torment lurking behind.

    One senses throughout this discussion of the scorpions, an overtone of sexuality. This almost seems like David and Bathsheba in 2 Samuel 11:2-5 and the consequences in 2 Samuel 11:26-27. This is the combination of beauty, temptation, and sin.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 11 (NASB)

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11. They have as king over them, the angel of the abyss; his name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in the Greek he has the name Apollyon. Solomon rightly observed that animal locusts do not have a king in Proverbs 30:24-28. Therefore, this phrase clearly indicates that these are other than animals. To have an angel (fallen) leading them indicates their spiritual nature, that is, demons. There are more creatures than just satan who are evil or fallen, Matthew 25:41.

It is not satan himself even though he rules "principalities" and "power" as found in Ephesians 6:12 and Colossians 2:15. And satan's place currently is not in the abyss but in heavenly places as shown in Ephesians 2:2.

John is the only writer who uses bilingual terms. He does here and in his gospel (John 6:1; John 19:13,17,20; John 20:16). This is his style of writing; however, here in this verse he may have wanted to emphasize that this demonic locust plague was going to affect all "unsealed" both apostate Jews as well as unsaved Gentiles.

The term 'ABADDON' means 'destruction' or 'ruin'. It is used in Job 26:6 as the place of destruction, and even this place is totally revealed before Christ Jesus (Proverbs 15:11). There is no comfort there, even as in Sheol, Proverbs 27:20.

The term 'APOLLYON' is the name of a person meaning 'destoyer'. This personifies the leader of the fallen angels who are released as these awful stinging locusts -- demons.

It was accepted in New Testament times that there were spirits who were imprisoned. Peter eludes to them in 1 Peter 3:19 and 2 Peter 2:4. Abaddon apparently is chief among these imprisoned spirits. Also see other references to the destroyer in Jeremiah 4:7, Jeremiah 6:26, Isaiah 16:1-5, Daniel 8:23-26, Daniel 9:26, and Daniel 11:44.




































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 12 (NASB)

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12. The first woe is past; behold, two woes are still coming after these things. This is the woe we have just studied which is associated with the sounding of the fifth trumpet. This woe can be interpreted two ways:
  1. Real (physical) ==> There will be a plague of terrible locust-like beasts which sting as scorpions for 5 months. They are released from a dormant state or are newly created by God for this woe.
  2. Figurative ==> Demons are released from the abyss and the evil and cruelty inflicted upon this earth's people will be glamourous but oh so tortorous. Mental anguish is often the worst torment.
Perhaps, this is said by the eagle (Revelation 8:13) and foretells the next two woes as "trumpets 6 and 7". See the pronouncement after the second woe in Revelation 11:14.







































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 13 (NASB)

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13. And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God, The second WOE is commensing with the blast of the SIXTH TRUMPET. John is not specific here as to the owner of 'a voice'. He is clear, though, that it comes from the four horns of the altar. Now the four horns on the altar of fragrant incense (Revelation 8:4) were touched by the blood of the bull sacrifice in the atonement of sin -- Leviticus 4:1-12.

One could argue that this voice is from Jesus whose blood is being avenged; others believe it is God Himself since Christ is making intercession with/for the prayers of the saints -- Hebrews 7:25 and 1 John 2:1. Perhaps, this is why John is not precise as to whose voice this is.

In the Old Testament, the horns were a safe haven from judgment as in 1 Kings 1:49-53. By hanging on to the horns, one could claim mercy. So, too, today, by accepting Christ's redemption blood, we find mercy. Anyone NOT hanging on will find judgment. Also note that this judgment is carried out in full view of God (not that He doesn't see everything) but meaning He fully commands it.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 14 (NASB)

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14. one saying to the sixth angel who had the trumpet, "Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates." The sound (speaker) was one of the incense altar horns (see previous verse) to the sixth angel. Some commentator think this is Christ Himself speaking, but it could be one of the four living creatures. These are four major angels working for the devil; this is almost like the devil always tries to do one better than the Triune God. It is time for the 'judgment of the great day' (Jude 6) for these angels. Looking at the map, one sees that there are four present day countries through which the Euphrates flows: Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Kuwait. Perhaps these FOUR angels are symbolic of these four countries. None of these countries are Israel's "friends".

The Euphrates River is prominent throughout the Bible. It was one of the Garden of Eden rivers, Genesis 2:10-14. Its source is not from rain but some undergound aquafer, Genesis 2:5-6. At Noah's time, the Euphrates source may have been one of the fountains of the great deep, Genesis 7:11.

At the Euphrates River, all of sin is first manifested. The apple is eaten; there is hatred; the first murder is committed; and the first martyr is listed. This place is demon possessed. As a curious sidelight, the King James Version states these angels are bound IN the river, while this version says AT the river.

'IN the river' makes more sense, when one thinks of the demoniac who was cured in Luke 8:26-39. The demons begged not to be sent to the abyss but rather into the swine. When the swine drown, the demons were left in the water. It is interesting from a spiritual viewpoint how God uses the physical world, the devils playground, as a spiritual container. And only at the granted permission can these demons work on apostate Jews and non-believer Gentiles. God could have used the mighty archangels Gabriel or Michael to do the job, but it is more appropriate this way for the devil and his angels to do the murdering of 1/3 of mankind as seen in the next verse.

Note that not all water contains demons. Christ says He is the Living Water. There is a River of water of LIFE in Revelation 22:1. Praise the LIVING WATER!




































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 15 (NASB)

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15. And the four angels who had been prepared for the hour and day and month and year, were released, so that they might kill a third of mankind. God always is prepared even when He will use Satan's henchmen to come upon the earth. He prepared 
And he is precise. The time is exact down to the hour. Or this can be interpreted as the period of time to accomplish the killing. He knows the plan forever - Acts 15:18. Death goes out again just where it started -- the Euphrates River -- Cain killed Abel, Genesis 4:1-8. This time, however, 1/3 of mankind are killed (militarily?, see next verse). The sixth TRUMPET kills people; the fifth TRUMPET only harmed men (verse 5).



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 16 (NASB)

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16. And the number of the armies of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them. Most scholars believe this isn't a literal human army. Logistically, to field this size army would cause much societal and political upheaval. Maximun mobilization in World War II was about 70 million men. On the other hand, if the petroleum fields are cut off or destroyed, much of the rest of the world will come looking for the oil. This also explains the use of horses.

By looking at the rest of this chapter, the descriptions indicate these forces are demonic "armies". And amazingly, the translation rendered here is "the number of the armies" was 200,000,000. Actual demon count may be higher! Remember, we fight against the WORLD FORCES OF THE DARKNESS (demons and their 4 leaders from the Euphrates River), against the spiritual forces of wickedness in heavenly places (Ephesians 6:12-13).

What John sees in this SIXTH TRUMPET is so incredible that the voice of the altar reinforces the number by verbally SAYING it to him. John goes on in the rest of the chapter to try to describe through spiritual eyes these demonic forces, and how they will operate.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 17 (NASB)

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17. And this is how I saw in the vision the horses and those who sat on them: the riders had breastplates the color of fire and of hyacinth and of brimstone; and the heads of the horses are like the heads of lions; and out of their mouths proceed fire and smoke and brimstone.
    And this is how I saw in the vision the HORSES and THOSE who sat on them:

    John is saying, "I'll try as best I can to describe what I saw". Even as I type this, he must be watching from heaven and saying, "No, that's not it, not that ... there, that is what I saw." We are not capable of describing things beyond our experience unless it is a vision, and we translate the vision into earthly things which match most of our human experiences. Most of us have seen a horse with a rider.
     
     
  1. the RIDERS had breastplates the color of fire and of hyacinth and of brimstone; and

  2. This part John knew for sure. The RIDERS had colorful protective gear of reds, yellows, and blues. What is never described in Revelation is the smells of these visions other than the incense (prayers, Revelation 8:4). And even this is left to our imagination.
    Fire and brimestone => God's Judgment


    Sodom and Gomorrah Genesis 19:24
    Idol-worshipping country Deuteronomy 29:23
    Bareness or lack of plenty Job 18:5-15-21
    "Portion of wicked's cup" Psalm 11:4-6-7
    Breath of the Lord Isaiah 30:27-33
    Judgment Isaiah 34:1-9-15
    Prophesy against Gog Ezekiel 38:17-22-23

    Hyacinth may be the color of the "smoke" of the horses kicking up "dust" as they stomp through mankind and kill them. See that "SMOKE" is inserted between fire and brimestone in the next verse
     

  3. the HEADS of the HORSES are like the heads of lions; and

  4. This now is symbolic since the word 'like' is used. Not only are these horsemen protected by breastplates, but they are fearless and powerful like lions. Some scholars who are looking at a physical interpretation indicate this may be a special kind of military tank. However, this probably is the devil prancing around (1 Peter 5:8) trying to imitate the real LION (Revelation 5:5).
     
     
  5. out of their MOUTHS proceed FIRE and SMOKE and BRIMSTONE.

  6. The FIRE and SMOKE and BRIMSTONE is proceeding out of the MOUTHS of the riders. These are three awful destructors or testers.

    Fire has always been used to test a man's work. Otherwise, why would we have "fire departments" to try to save our earthly belongings.

    Smoke is a spirit/demon activity. It is used both to describe evil spirit activity and the strength activity of God. Brimstone lays waste. It is like lava; a third of mankind is melted down.


































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 18 (NASB)

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18. A third of mankind was killed by these three plagues, by the fire and the smoke and the brimstone, which proceeded out of their mouths. If the present world population is around 5.2 billion, then with 1/4 of the population being killed by the fourth horseman of Apocalypse (Revelation 6:8), that would leave about 3.9 billion for this trumpet. A third of the remaining population would then be around 1.3 billion people in 13 months (verse 15). This computes to a 4 people (mankind) per horse (200,000,000 in verse 16) kill ratio. This may imply that the average family size of 4 people is attacked by one horseman (demon). It is not a mere coicidence that we in America are finding a crumbling of family values and related moral decay. We are seeing a foretaste of this in this trumpet.

The use of the term MANKIND implies that this is worldwide and not limited to Israel or the near East. What makes this such a contrast is that this KILLING trumpet follows on the heels of the "NO DEATHS" trumpet (verse 5). This may be a partial fulfillment of Jeremiah 25:30-38.

It is interesting how "plagues" is used to denote fire, smoke, and brimstone.

Maybe these demons or demon-possessed people are "sweet talkers". Most killer diseases are through talking someone else into participating, e.g. AIDS, smoking (mouth use), improper eating, etc. One could consider that the mouth convinces to commit a visible act (fire), a covert act (smoke), or terrorist act (brimstone). All will be used to KILL.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 19 (NASB)

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19. For the power of the horses is in their mouths and in their tails; for their tails are like serpents and have heads; and with them they do harm. These are special "HORSES" because they don't obey the command given to Noah (Genesis 9:1-2-7) to have dominance over every beast, bird, etc. Certainly, the will to live has the people remaining during this sixth trumpet trying to find ways to stop these HORSES, but can't. This maybe an extreme view, but this looks like homosexual encounters gone rampant.

If this truly is a creature, then it is awesome because just the time you think its leaving, the tail bites you and kills you (or HARMS you). How horrible can things get? This is bad but look at Deuteronomy 28:49-68. Is this what disobedience is worth?

A sidelight: The clear physical cannabalistic nature of mankind will be revealed during this time. If one believes that the redeemed are taken up by this time, then love has been removed from this earth. All that is left is to look out for NUMBER ONE! Then it is entirely possible that no one is going to come to the aid of another or try to control the HORSES.



































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 20 (NASB)

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20. And the rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, so as not to worship demons, and the idols of gold and of silver and of brass and of stone and of wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk; With over 2 billion people dying after the fourth seal is broken and the sixth trumpet is blown, how will the remaining bury all the dead? Not only will this be a major health concern but the loss of this consumer power will reek havoc on the world's economies. It is very interesting that the convincing done by MOUTH by the demons in verse 18 is translated in to real action in this verse. So convincing is the New Age fatalism, 'In me, I trust' or 'I can find my own God inside me, because I made myself the moralistic judge of my activities' that THE REST of MANKIND do not repent.

Under the seals, the people left recognized that they had suffered the judgment of God (Revelation 6:16-17). Here, there is not even recognition of God's judgment. They are so into self and idol worship as we shall see!

Paul in Athens argues the difference between God and the idols listed above in Acts 17:22-29-31. Check out this list again:

IDOL USE
Gold rule or authority
Silver medium of exchange (30 pieces of silver)
Bronze transportation (Revelation 1:15)
Stone strength or foundation (Matthew 16:18 and Mark 12:10-11)
Wood consumed sacrifices or human endeavors (1 Corinthians 3:10-12-15)

Even though all these things are either a poor imitation or outright fake, these people still believed these idols had some powers. This partially fulfills the prophesy in Zephaniah 1:14-18. Note this list leaves out speaking because idols do speak later in Revelation13:15 as the image of the beast. However, speaking and additional attributes are given to idols in Psalm 115:1-8.

Attribute References
See Jeremiah 5:18-21-31; Ezekiel 12:8-16
Hear Jeremiah 5:18-21-31; Revelation 2:7; 2:11; 2:17; 2:29; 3:6; 3:13; and 3:22
Walk Romans 6:4; 2 Corinthians 5:5-10; Ephesians 4:1-6; Colossians 1:9-10-14; 1 John 1:5-7-10; 1 John 2:4-6-11.

Idols know better than to move when they are in darkness!


































Revelation Chapter 9, Verse 21 (NASB)

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21. and they did not repent of their murders nor of their sorceries nor of their immorality nor of their thefts. It is no coicidence that we return to one of the major themes of the Bible here as the sixth trumpet is sounded. This short list of four acts pretty much sums up what we see in the news day after day. The difference here is that the earth has seen a plague wipe out over a billion people and STILL people will not repent. Their hearts are hardened like Pharoah's in Moses' time (Exodus 7 - 11:10). Remember, though, that God is permitting this as Romans 1:24-32 says. This hardness is a result of excluding God, Ephesians 4:17-24. God exposes this list of sins (John 3:20) and the people remaining don't like the exposure but are hardened so much as to not repent. Those of us who are believers know that we have One who will repay (Hebrews 10:30); it still requires REPENTENCE.