And SHE GAVE BIRTH to a SON, a male child, who is to RULE all the nations with a rod of iron;
There are two interpretations of this:
The most obvious is the male child is Christ Himself and the mother is Israel (as a chosen people), Psalm 2:7-9.
The less obvious is the male child is the overcomers, Revelation 2:26-27 and the mother is the church of believers. This is not so impossible or confusing as true overcomers are "in Christ" (Romans 12:3-5-8; Philippians 1:21; and 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17).
and her child was CAUGHT UP to God and His THRONE.
With respect to the most obvious, Revelation 4 explains Christ being at the THRONE.
With respect to the less obvious, the overcomers according to 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 are with Him; the Laodicean overcomers (Revelation 3:21) are granted the privilege to sit on the throne even as Christ Himself is an overcomer. PRAISE HIM!
Believers (overcomers) at regeneration time will sit on twelve thrones judging Israel (chosen people -- not overcomers because of unbelief) according to Matthew 19:27-28-30.